THƯ VIỆN DÒNG TÊN

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QUALITY RESEARCH PAPERS

CONTENTSPrefaceAuthors' Note.1. Definition of ResearchThe Research Process.Kinds of Academic Writing.What Research Is NotThe Value of ResearchPart 1: Kinds of Theological Education Research2. Biblical Exegesis and Interpretation.Steps in the Exegetical Process.Presentation of Exegesis.3. Literary Research.Primary and Secondary SourcesTheology.Historiography.Pastoral Theology.4. Human Subject Research, Part 1. The Institutional Review Board.Descriptive Research5. Human Subject Research, Part 2.Program Development as Research.The Case Study as Research.Action Research...Further Reading on Human Subject Research.Part 2: Educational Settings for Theological Research6. Class Research PapersWhy Research Papers?.Thinking about the Assignment?Key Differences between Term Papers and Theses/Dissertations.The Uncertainty Principle.Practical Strategies......Research Paper Assessment.7. Academic Theses and Dissertations.Review of LiteratureThesesDissertations.8. Practical or Professional Theology Dissertations.Types of Projects.Stages of the ProjectOther Kinds of Doctor of Ministry or Missiology Projects.9. Writing for Publication.Book Reviews.Journal Articles.Part 3: Carrying Out the Research10. Research Thinking.Research Mindset.Thinking Processes.Asking Questions. Intellectual Honesty.11. Choosing a TopicReading Asking Questions.Narrowing the Topic.Selecting a Thesis or Dissertation Topic.12. Planning ResearchBasic StepsThe Proposal.Tentative Outline.13. Finding and Evaluating Resources in the Library.Using the Library.Evaluating Your Materials14. Taming the Internet: Using and Evaluating Its Resources.Using a Search Engine.Institutional Repositories.Open Access Publishing.Social Media.Evaluating Internet Sources.15. Research Reading and Note Taking.Reading.Taking Good NotesRegistering Bibliographical Data.16. Research Writing.Research English...The Paragraph: Smallest Unit of the PaperTransitions and Introductions.The Writing Process.Help for the Novice Writer.17. Organizing the Paper.Parts of the Paper.Organizing the Body of the Paper..Practical Helps for Organizing the Paper.18. Documentation.Reference Notes.Content Notes.Bibliographical Entries.19. Statistics, Tables, and Graphs.. Some Basics of Statistics.Statistical Graphs and Tables. Statistics and Honesty.Part 4: Presenting the Research20. Formatting the Paper...Page FormatFootnotes and Quotations.Tables, Figures, and IllustrationsSpelling and Punctuation.Sample Pages21. Turabian 9, Footnote and Bibliography Style.Published MaterialsUnpublished Materials.Electronic Media22. Turabian 9, Author-Date Style.Published MaterialsUnpublished Materials.Electronic Media23. APA Citation Style.HeadingsAPA in the Text of the Paper.Reference Lists.Samples. Conclusion.Selected Bibliography.Appendix A: Transliteration of Biblical Languages.Appendix B: Abbreviations for Bible BooksAppendix C: Websites for Abbreviations in the Area of Religion.Appendix D: Tips on Format....Appendix E: Abbreviations for U.S. States. Index

TERRY DWAIN ROBERTSON, NANCY JEAN VYHMEISTER

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HOW TO READ THEOLOGY

ContentsList of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xiPrologue: What Kind of Book Is This? xiiiPart 1 On Reading Charitably1. Enemies of Love: The Challenge of Reading Theology Charitably 32. Context, Context, Context: The Backstory of Theology 25Part 2 On Reading Critically3. The Bible Tells Me So: Theology and Scripture 59 4. Haven't We Heard This Before? Theology and Tradition 935. Believing Possible Things: Theology and Reason 121 6 The Trial of Real Life: Theology and Experience 145Epilogue: Practice Makes Perceptive 173Index 177

UCHE ANIZOR

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PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

Table of ContentsNote to the Fourth Edition xNote to the Third Edition xiNote to the Second Edition xiiIntroduction 11 Author and Audience 81 The Professor as Audience 82 The Student as Author 113 Three Attitudes about Philosophical Method 152 Logic and Argument for Writing 171 What is a Good Argument? 172 Valid Arguments 213 Cogent Arguments 314 Quantification and Modality 355 Consistency and Contradiction 406 Contraries and Contradictories 437 The Strength of a Proposition 463 The Structure of a Philosophical Essay 511 An Outline of the Structure of a Philosophical Essay 512 Anatomy of an Essay 573 Another Essay 634 Composing 671 How to Select an Essay Topic 682 Techniques for Composing 693 Outlining 704 The Rhetoric of Philosophical Writing 705 Successive Elaboration 726 Conceptual Note Taking 817 Research and Composing 838 Sentences and Paragraphs 849 Polishing 8710 Evolution of an Essay 895 Tactics for Analytic Writing 1011 Definitions 1022 Distinctions 1083 Analysis 1114 Dilemmas 1195 Scenarios 1236 Counterexamples 1257 Reductio ad Absurdum 1328 Dialectical Reasoning 1386 Some Constraints on Content 1461 The Pursuit of Truth 1462 The Use of Authority 1473 The Burden of Proof 1507 Some Goals of Form 1521 Coherence 1522 Clarity 1563 Conciseness 1624 Rigor 1658 Problems with Introductions 1681 Slip Sliding Away 1682 The Tail Wagging the Dog 1733 The Running Start 1759 How to Read a Philosophical Work 1811 Find the Thesis Sentence 1812 Precision of Words, Phrases, and Sentences 1853 Proving the Case 186Appendix A: “It’s Sunday Night and I Have an Essay Due Monday Morning” 190Appendix B: How to Study for a Test 193Appendix C: Research: Notes, Citations, and References 195Appendix D: Philosophy Resources on the Internet, by Neil Sinhababu 201Appendix E: On Grading 205Appendix F: Glossary of Philosophical Terms 208Index 218

ALOYSIUS P. MARTINICH

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THE VICE OF LUXURY

CONTENTS         Introduction: Why luxury? PART I 1    Luxury in history: a brief survey 2   The neglected vice: how luxury degrades us, our work, and our communities 3   Neglected sacramentality: why luxury blocks a spirituality of our material goods 4   Neglecting positionality: why luxury does not necessarily help the economy PART II 5   Luxury defined 6   Luxury and social context: who has more than enough? 7 7   Luxury and necessity: what is enough? 8 8   Luxury and sacrament: what is beyond enough?  Conclusion: Resisting with Discipline, Responding with Hope

DAVID CLOUTIER

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WRITING PHILOSOPHY

Table of ContentsPrefacePart 1 Reading and Writing1: How to Read PhilosophyWhat is Philosophy?Reading Philosophy- Rule 1-1 Approach the Text with an Open Mind- Rule 1-2 Read Actively and Critically- Rule 1-3 Identify the Conclusion First, Then the Premises- Rule 1-4 Outline, Paraphrase, or Summarize the Argument- Rule 1-5 Evaluate the Argument and Formulate a Tentative JudgmentWriting a Paraphrase or SummaryApplying the Rules2: How to Read an ArgumentPremises and ConclusionsJudging Arguments- Rule 2-1 Know the Basics of Deductive and Inductive Arguments- Rule 2-2 Determine Whether the Conclusion Follows from the Premises- Rule 2-3 Determine Whether the Premises Are TrueApplying the Rules3: Rules of Style and Content for Philosophical Writing- Rule 3-1 Write to Your Audience- Rule 3-2 Avoid Pretentiousness- Rule 3-3 Keep the Authority of Philosophers in Perspective- Rule 3-4 Do Not Overstate Premises or Conclusions- Rule 3-5 Treat Opponents and Opposing Views Fairly- Rule 3-6 Write Clearly- Rule 3-7 Avoid Inappropriate Emotional Appeals- Rule 3-8 Be Careful What You Assume- Rule 3-9 Write in First Person- Rule 3-10 Avoid Discriminatory Language4: Defending a Thesis in an Argumentative EssayBasic Essay Structure- Introduction- Argument Supporting the Thesis- Assessment of Objectives- Conclusion- A Well-Built EssayWriting the Essay: Step by Step- Step 1 Select a Topic and Narrow It to a Specific Issue- Step 2 Research the Issue- Step 3 Write a Thesis Statement- Step 4 Create an Outline of the Whole Essay- Step 5 Write a First Draft- Step 6 Study and Revise Your First Draft- Step 7 Produce a Final DraftAn Annotated Sample Paper5: Avoiding Fallacious ReasoningStraw ManAppeal to the PersonAppeal to PopularityAppeal to TraditionGenetic FallacyEquivocationAppeal to IgnoranceFalse DilemmaBegging the QuestionHast GeneralizationSlipper SlopeCompositionDivision6: Using, Quoting, and Citing Sources- Rule 6-1 Know When and How to Quote Sources- Rule 6-2 Do Not Plagiarize- Rule 6-3 Cite Your Sources Carefully- Rule 6-4 Build a Bibliography if NeededPart 2 Reference Guide7: Writing Effective Sentences- Rule 7-1 Make the Subject and Verb Agree in Number and Person- Rule 7-2 Express Parallel Ideas in Parallel Form- Rule 7-3 Write in Complete Sentences, Not Fragments- Rule 7-4 Connect Independent Clauses Properly- Rule 7-5 Delete the Deadwood- Rule 7-6 Put Modifiers in Their Place- Rule 7-7 Be Consistent in Tense, Voice, Number, and Person- Rule 7-8 Communicate Pronoun References ClearlyExercises: Writing Effective Sentences8: Choosing the Right Words- Rule 8-1 Select Nouns and Verbs Precisely- Rule 8-2 Prefer the Active Voice- Rule 8-3 Use Specific Terms- Rule 8-4 Avoid Redundancy- Rule 8-5 Be Aware of the Connotations of Words- Rule 8-6 Learn to Distinguish Words That Writers Frequently Mix Up- Rule 8-7 Strive for Freshness; Avoid Clichés- Rule 8-8 Do Not Mix Metaphors- Rule 8-9 Beware of Awkward Repetition- Rule 8-10 Spell Correctly- Rule 8-11 Distinguish Commonly Confused WordsExercises: Choosing the Right WordsAppendix A: Formatting Your PaperAppendix B: Documenting Your SourcesAppendix C: Grammar HandbookAppendix D: Researching a Philosophy PaperIndex

LEWIS VAUGHN

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UNDERSTANDING THE TRINITY

CONTENTS1.  God and his critics2.  Encountering God3.  Thinking about God 4.  Biblical models of God5.  A Personal God6.  The Incarnate God : Jesus Christ7.  The Road to the Trinity8.  God as three and God as one 9.   God and the Trinity10.  The strong name of the Trinity

ALISTERE MCGRATH

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THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH: A COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS Preface to the German Edition Preface to the English EditionList of Abbreviations I. Secondary Sources II. GeneralIII. Primary SourcesA. Old TestamentB. New TestamentC. Greek and Latin WorksGeneral BibliographyI. BibliographiesII. Dictionaries/EncyclopediasA. Early Christianity and LiteratureB. General Dictionaries for Theology and ChurchC. General Encyclopedias for Classical Antiquity and ByzantiumIII. Patrologies and Histories of LiteratureIV. Series of EditionsV. Series of TranslationsA. EnglishB. FrenchC. GermanD. Italian E. SpanishVI. Reference WorksVII. Manuals (History, Philology, Theology)VIII. Journals and YearbooksIX. Monograph SeriesX. MicrofichesA. EditionsB. Reference Works C. Monograph SeriesXI. Electronic Databanks A. Bibliographies B. EditionsC. Reference WorksXII. Internet AddressesIntroductionIntroduction: Patrology as a SubjectI. The Concept "Father"II. Church Father - Doctor of the Church - Church Writer III. Patrology-Patristics - History of LiteraturePart OneApostolic and Postapostolic LiteratureIntroduction: The Rise of Christian LiteratureI.Oral Tradition and Preliterary Forms II. Literary Genres of Apostolic LiteratureChapter One: Biblical ApocryphaIntroduction: Formation of the Biblical Canon A. New TestamentB. Old TestamentI. GospelsA. Literary GenreB. Protoevangelium of JamesC. Coptic Gospel of Thomas D. Epistle of the Apostles E. Gospel of NicodemusII. Acts of the Apostles A. Literary Genre B. Acts of PeterC. Acts of PaulIII. LettersA. Literary GenreB. Letter of BarnabasIV. ApocalypsesA. Literary GenreB. Shepherd of Hermas C. Christian SibyllinesChapter Two: Postapostolic LiteratureI. LettersA. First ClementB. Letters of Ignatius of Antioch C. Letters of Polycarp of SmyrnaII. Community Texts A. Papias FragmentsB. DidacheIII. The Oldest Sermon: Second ClementIV. Beginnings of Christian Poetry: Odes of SolomonPart TwoLiterature of the Period of Persecution (Mid-Second to Early Fourth Centuries)Introduction: The Impact of PersecutionChapter Three: Greek LiteratureIntroduction: Christian Greek1. Greek ApologistsA. Diognetus B. Justin Martyr1. First Apology2. Second Apology3. Dialogue with TryphoExcursus: Dialogue as a Genre in Antiquity and ChristianityC. Tatian of Syria1. Oratio ad Graecos2. DiatessaronD. Athenagoras1. Legatio pro Christianis2. De resurrectioneII. Paschal Sermon of Melito of SardisIII. Accounts of MartyrdomA. Acta1. Acta Justini2. Acts of the Martyrs of Scilli3. Acta CyprianiB. Martyria and Passiones1. Martyrdom of Polycarp2. Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyon3. Passio Perpetuae et FelicitatisIV. Heretical and Antiheretical LiteratureIntroduction: Orthodoxy and Heresy in the Early ChurchA. Heretical Currents1. Gnosticisma. Gnostic Library of Nag Hammadib. Basilidesc. Valentinus2. Marcion3. Montanism 4. Monarchianism B. Orthodox Responses 1. Irenaeus of Lyona. Adversus haeresesb. Epideixis tou apostolikou kerygmatos 2. Hippolytus of Romea. Refutatio omnium haeresium b. Traditio apostolicaV. Beginnings of Christian SchoolsA. Philo of AlexandriaB. Clement of Alexandria1. Protrepticus2. Paedagogus3. StromataC. Origen1. Exegetical Writings2. Spiritual Theology3. De principiis (On First Principies) 4. Contra Celsum5. Disputes regarding OrigenChapter Four: Beginnings of Latin Literature Introduction: Christian LatinI.  Earliest Latin Translations of the Bible II. TertullianA. Ad nationes and Apologeticus B. De animaC. De praescriptione haereticorum D. Adversus MarcionemE. Adversus PraxeanIII. Minucius FelixIV. Cyprian of CarthageA. De lapsisB. De catholicae ecclesiae unitateC. Corpus of LettersExcursus: Letters in Antiquity and Christianity1. Private Letters2. Literary Letters3. Letters in Christianity4. Ancient Epistolary TheoryV. Novatian- De TrinitateVI. Lactantius- Divinarum institutionum and Epitome divinarum institutionumPart ThreeLiterature of the Ascending Imperial Church (Early Fourth Century to ca. 430)Introduction: Essential Features of the History of the Fourth Century I. Political HistoryIntroduction: Sacral Notion of the Empire A. Constantine the Great (306/324-337) B. Constantine's Sons (337-361)1. Era of Coregency (337-353)2. Constantius II as Sole Ruler (353-361) C. Julian the Apostate (361-363) and Jovian (363-364) D. Valentinian (364-375) and Valens (364-378)E. Theodosius the Great (379/388-395)II. Church HistoryA. Patriarchates1. Alexandria2. Antiocha. From Eustathius (324-ca. 327) to Eudoxius (359)b. Meletian Schism3. Constantinople4. RomeB. Synods1. To the Synod of Antioch (341)2. Synod of Serdica (343)3. From Antioch (344) to Sirmium (351): Photinianism4. From Antioch (352) to Sirmium (357)5. Ancyra (358) and the Double Synod of Ariminum/Seleucia (359)6. Alexandria (362)III. TheologyA. Anomoeans (Arians, Neo-Arians, Eunomians)B. Homoousians (Nicenes)C. Homoiousians (Eusebians, Semi-Arians)D. HomoeansChapter Five: First Phase of ArianismI. Eusebius of CaesareaA. Historical WorksIntroduction: Christian Chronography and Theological History 1. Chronicle2. Ecclesiastical History3. Vita ConstantiniB. Biblical and Exegetical WorksC. Apologetic WorksII. AriusIII. Council of Nicea (325) A. SymbolumB. Easter Decree C. CanonsD. Synodal LetterIV. Athanasius - WorksV. Hilary of PoitiersA. De TrinitateB. Exegetical WorksChapter Six: Apollinarianism and the Second Phase of Arianism I. Apollinaris of LaodiceaA. WorksB. ChristologyII. The "Three Great Cappadocians"Introduction: Their Families and Joint SignificanceA. Basil the Great1. Contra Eunomium2. De Spiritu Sancto3. LettersB. Gregory of Nyssa1. Works, Philosophy, and Theology2. Continuing Influence and History of ResearchC. Gregory of Nazianzus1. Poetry2. Orations3. LettersIII. Council of Constantinople (381)A. SymbolumB. Tomus and CanonesChapter Seven: Pastors, Exegetes, and Ascetics I. Cyril of Jerusalem- CatechesesExcursus: Christian InitiationII. Epiphanius of Constantia (Salamis)A. AncoratusB. PanarionIII. AmbroseA. Exegetical WorkB. Catechetical WritingsC. HymnsIV. Diodore of Tarsus- Theology and ExegesisV. Theodore of MopsuestiaA. ExegesisB. TheologyC. CatechesisVI. John Chrysostom A. De sacerdotioB. Homilies on the Statues C. Baptismal CatechesesVII. Rufinus of Concordia (Aquileia) VIII. JeromeA. Bible TranslationsB. De viris illustribusC. Corpus of LettersChapter Eight: Monastic and Hagiographic Literature1. Monastic RulesA. Rule of PachomiusB. Rules of Basil the GreatC. Augustine's Monastic Writings1. Rules2. De opere monachorumII. Monastic LiteratureA. Evagrius PonticusB. Symeon of Mesopotamia (Macarius)C. John Cassian1. De institutis coenobiorum2. Collationes3. Spiritual TheologyIII. Lives and Histories of Saints- Vita AntoniiIV. Itineraries- Itinerarium EgeriaeChapter Nine: Augustine of HippoI. Biography, Literary Activity, and Essential Features of His ThoughtA. Preconversion1. Youth and Education2. In Search of the "True Philosophy": Father of a Family and Manichaean3. Rhetor in Rome and Milan: Skeptic and Platonist4. Philosophy and ChristianityB. From Baptism to Ordination1. Christianae vitae otium in Cassiciacum and the Catechumenate2. Monastic Community in Tagaste3. Ordination to the Priesthood in HippoC. Priest and Bishop of Hippo1. Pastor, Ecclesiastical Politician, Theologian, and Ascetic 2. Controversies and Their Theologya. Manichaeism: Unde malum?b. Donatism: Ecclesiology and Doctrine of Sacraments c. Pelagianism: Doctrine of Grace and Predestination 1) Pelagius2) Julian of Eclanum3) Monks of Hadrumetum and Massilia d. Arianisme. Leporius: A Case of "Pre-Nestorianism"3. Choice of Successor and DeathII. Outstanding Works and Their Theology A. ConfessionesB. Biblical Exegesis and Understanding of Scripture C. Christology and SoteriologyD. De TrinitateE. De civitate DeiF. Enchiridion and De doctrina christianaIII. List of Works (Chronology, Editions, English Translations, Commentaries)Part FourLiterature of the Transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ag (ca. 430 to the Mid-Eighth Century)Introduction: Retrospective Collections and Progressive WorksChapter Ten: Theological Controversies of the Fifth CenturyI. Nestorius, Cyril of Alexandria, and the Council of Ephesus (431) A. Works and Theology of NestoriusB. Council RecordsC. Works and Theology of Cyril of AlexandriaII. Theodoret of CyrusA. Exegetical WorksB. Eranistes and the Christology of Theodoret C. Ecclesiastical HistoryIII. Leo the Great- Tomus ad Flavianum and Leo's ChristologyIV. Council of Chalcedon (451)A. SymbolumB. Canons and the Synodal LetterChapter Eleven: Literature of the Latin WestI. Salvian of Marseilles- De gubernatione DeiII. Boethius- De consolatione philosophiae III. Cassiodorus-Works and SignificanceIV. Benedict of Nursia - RuleV. Gregory the Great A. Moralia in JobB. Regula pastoralisC. Dialogi (Dialogues) D. Registrum epistularumVI. Gregory of Tours- Historia Francorum and Libri miraculorumVII. Isidore of Seville- Etymologiae and SententiaeChapter Twelve: Literature of the Greek East I. CatenasII. Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite -Works and TheologyIII. Maximus the Confessor-Works and TheologyIV. John of Damascus-- Discourses concerning ImagesPart FiveLiterature of the Christian EastChapter Thirteen: Independent Bodies of LiteratureI. Syriac LiteratureA. AphraatesB. Ephraem Syrus II. Coptic Literature -Shenoute of AtripeIII. Ethiopic Literature IV. Armenian Literature V. Georgian LiteratureVI. Arabic Literature VII. Paleoslavic LiteratureSupplementary Bibliography by William Harmless, SJIndex of Subjects Index of Ancient Sources

HUBERTUS R. DROBNER

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AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEOLOGY OF RELIGIONS

CONTENTS OutlineIntroduction: Christian Theology of Religions as a Theological Discipline..PART ONE - BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES: The Ambiguity and Promise of the Biblical Testimony1 Overview of Biblical Testimony2 The Old Testament3 The New Testament4 Religion(s) in the BiblePART TWO - HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS 5 Limited Openness to Other Religions Among Some Early Church Fathers.6 "Outside the Church No Salvation": The Consolidation of the Exclusive Attitude7 The Meaning of Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus for the Contemporary Church..8 Positive Attitudes Toward Other Religions After the Early Fathers.9 The Radical Challenge of the Enlightenment and Classical Liberalism10 The Fulfillment Theory of ReligionsPART THREE-THE CURRENT SCENE: Ecclesiastical Approaches11 The Response of the Roman Catholic Church...12 The Response of the Anglican and Episcopalian Churches.13 The Response of Mainline Protestant Churches14 The Response of the Free Churches.15 The Response of the Evangelical Movement16 The Response of the Ecumenical MovementPART FOUR -THE CURRENT SCENE: Theologians' Interpretations17 Orientation to the Study of Theologians of Religion..ECCLESIOCENTRISM: EARLY APPROACHES18 Karl Barth: Religion as Unbelief...19 Hendrik Kraemer: Jesus Christ as the Way, the Truth and the Life.20 Paul Althaus: "Original Revelation" in Religions...CHRISTOCENTRISM 1: ROMAN CATHOLICS21 Karl Rahner: "Anonymous Christians".22 Hans Küng: Religions as the "Ordinary Way of Salvation".23 Jacques Dupuis: "Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism” . 24 Gavin D'Costa: Trinitarian Theology of Religions....CHRISTOCENTRISM 2: MAINLINE PROTESTANTS25 Paul Tillich: The Dynamic-Typological Approach to Religions26 Wolfhart Pannenberg: Religions Competing for the Universal Truth...27 Lesslie Newbigin: The Gospel as Public Truth28 M. M. Thomas: "Risking Christ for Christ's Sake"CHRISTOCENTRISM 3: EVANGELICALS29 Sir Norman Anderson: Unique Savior but Nonexclusive Salvation.30 Clark Pinnock: A Wideness in God's Mercy.31 Amos Yong: A Pneumatological Theology of ReligionsTHEOCENTRISM32 John Hick: The Copernican Revolution of Religions.33 Stanley J. Samartha: One Christ, Many Religions.34 Raimundo Panikkar: The Unknown Christ of Hinduism.35 Paul F. Knitter: Jesus and the Other Names.ECCLESIOCENTRISM: CONTEMPORARY (EVANGELICAL) APPROACH36 Millard J. Erickson: No Other Name.37 Harold Netland: The Enigma of Pluralism38 Vinoth Ramachandra: The Recovery of Mission39 The Current Scene: Critical Reflections and Questions. Epilogue: The Way Forward.Bibliography. Indexes 

VELI-MATTI KARKKAINEN

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MARY: A HISTORY OF DOCTRINE AND DEVOTION

CONTENTS PREFACE To the original editionINTRODUCTION BY THOMAS A. THOMPSON, S.M.ABBREVIATIONS1. MARY IN THE SCRIPTURESTHE OLD TESTAMENT PROPHECIES THE ANNUNCIATIONVISITATION AND MAGNIFICAT MARY, JOSEPH AND THE VIRGIN BIRTHCANAMARY UNDER THE CROSS APOCALYPSE 122. THE EARLY TRADITION OF THE CHURCH TO THE BEGINNINGS OF THE NESTORIAN CONTROVERSYAPOSTOLIC FATHERS, APOLOGISTS AND APOCRYPHA THE EARLY THEOLOGIANS: IRENAEUS, TERTULLIAN, ORIGENTHE END OF THE THIRD CENTURYGREEK FATHERS OF THE FOURTH CENTURYLATIN FATHERSSYRIA: EPHRAEMTHE CAPPADOCIANSGREEK CONTEMPORARIES OF THE CAPPADOCIANSCYRIL OF JERUSALEMAMPHILOCHIUSDIDYMUSEPIPHANIUSJOHN CHRYSOSTOMSEVERIAN OF GABALATHE THREE GREAT LATIN DOCTORS: AMBROSEJEROME AUGUSTINE3. THE COUNCIL OF EPHESUS AND AFTERTHE CONTROVERSY THE COUNCILPOST-EPHESINE EASTERN THEOLOGIANS WESTERN POST-EPHESINE FATHERSSYRIAN POST-EPHESINE FATHERS JACOB OF SARUGSEVERUS OF ANTIOCHNARSESROMANOSTHE AKATHISTOSWESTERN POETRY AND DOCTRINETHE FIRST MARIAN INTERPRETATION OF APOCALYPSE 12 THE ASSUMPTION: FEAST AND BELIEFS EARLY MARIAN RELICSSPANISH THEOLOGIANSWESTERN LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENTSTHE END OF THE PATRISTIC PERIODAN ANONYMOUS HOMILY ON THE ASSUMPTIONGERMANUS OF CONSTANTINOPLEANDREW OF CRETEJOHN OF DAMASCUSTHE KORANCONCLUSION4. THE "DARK" AND EARLY MIDDLE AGESTHE "DARK" AGESTHE VENERABLE BEDEAMBROSE AUTPERTTHE THEOPHILUS LEGENDPAUL THE DEACONALCUINPAULINUS OF AQUILEJAAVE MARIS STELLAWALAFRID STRABO AND RABANUS MAURUSVERNACULAR POEMSPASCHASIUS RADBERT MINOR CAROLINGIANS LATER BYZANTINES JOHN OF EUBOEAEPIPHANIUS THE MONKTARASIUS OF CONSTANTINOPLETHEODORE OF STUDIONCOSMAS VESTITORTHEOGNOSTUSGEORGE OF NICOMEDIAJOSEPH THE HYMNOGRAPHER PHOTIUSLEO VIEUTHYMIUSPETER OF ARGOSJOHN THE GEOMETERSIMEON METAPHRASTESGREEK INFLUENCE ON THE EARLY MEDIEVAL MARIOLOGY OF THE WEST TENTH-CENTURY POPULAR LITERATURE ELEVENTH-CENTURY LATIN THEOLOGIANSFULBERT OF CHARTRESODILO OF CLUNYPETER DAMIANGOTTSCHALK OF LIMBURG5. THE TWELFTH CENTURY: EARLY SCHOLASTICISM: ST. BERNARD AND THE GOLDEN AGE OF MARIOLOGYEARLY SCHOLASTICISMANSELM OF CANTERBURYEADMER AND THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OPPOSITION TO THE FEAST OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PSEUDO-AUGUSTINE AND THE ASSUMPTION MINOR BENEDICTINESTHE MARIAN INTERPRETATION OF THE CANTICLE:     RUPERT OF DEUTZ AND HONORIUS OF AUTUNLITURGICAL AND POPULAR DEVOTION ABELARD AND HERMANN OF TOURNAI ST. BERNARDFRIENDS AND DISCIPLES OF ST. BERNARD      PETER THE VENERABLE     ARNOLD OF BONNEVAL     AMADEUS OF LAUSANNELATER TWELFTH-CENTURY MARIOLOGYGODFREY OF ADMONTAELRED OF RIEVAULXA CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION THE VICTORINESPHILIP OF HARVENGTMINOR AUTHORSTWO MARIAN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CANTICLE AT THE END OF THE CENTURY POPULAR MARIAN LITERATURE6. FROM THE RISE OF THE MENDICANT ORDERS TO THE EVE OF THE REFORMATIONTHE WESTERN CHURCHWORKS FALSELY ATTRIBUTED TO ALBERT THE GREAT ALBERT THE GREATTHOMAS AQUINAS BONAVENTUREA SPURIOUS SERMONSOME LESSER FIGURES CONRAD OF SAXONYPETER JOHN OLIVI UBERTINO OF CASALEENGELBERT OF ADMONTTHE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION: WILLIAM OF WARE AND DUNS SCOTUSOTHER FRANCISCAN DEFENDERS OF THE IMMACULATECONCEPTIONPETER ORIOLFRANCIS OF MAYRONISWILLIAM OF NOTTINGHAMCARMELITESSERVITESDEVOTION TO THE SORROWS OF MARYTHE ANGELUSTHE LATER FOURTEENTH CENTURYST. BRIDGETTHE CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE IMMACULATECONCEPTION CONTINUEDJOHN GERSONTHE COUNCIL OF BASLE BERNARDINE OF SIENATHE LATER FIFTEENTH CENTURY ANTONINUS OF FLORENCE DIONYSIUS THE CARTHUSIANBERNARDINE OF BUSTITHE EASTERN CHURCHJOHN MAUROPOUS MICHAEL PSELLOS THEOPHYLACTJOHN PHOURNASNEOPHYTUS THE RECLUSEGERMANUS IITHEODORE HYRTACENUSFOURTEENTH-CENTURY AUTHORSNICEPHORUS CALLISTUSMATTHEW CANTACUZENUSGREGORY PALAMASTHEOPHANES OF NICAEANICHOLAS CABASILASISIDORE GLABASTHE FIFTEENTH CENTURYMANUEL IIGEORGE SCHOLARIOS7. FROM THE AGE OF THE REFORMATION TO THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM LUTHERCALVINZWINGLIBULLINGERPROTESTANT CREEDSTHE ENGLISH REFORMERSTHE COUNCIL OF TRENTTHE ROSARYPETER CANISIUSFRANCIS SUAREZROBERT BELLARMINELAWRENCE OF BRINDISI THE "ÉCOLE FRANÇAISE"1. BERULLE2. OLIER3. JEAN EUDESOTHER TRENDS OF SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY MARIOLOGY THE CONTROVERSIES AROUND PASCAL AND WIDENFELD 1. LETTRES PROVINCIALES, No. 92. THE AVIS SALUTAIRESJEAN CRASSETMARY D'AGREDABOSSUETGRIGNION DE MONTFORTCONTINENTAL PROTESTANTISM AND THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY8. FROM THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT TO 1965.THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURYKETWIGHMURATORIALPHONSUS LIGUORI"ENLIGHTENMENT"THE DEFINITION OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTIONMARIAN APPARITIONS 1. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS2. THE MIRACULOUS MEDAL3. THE APPARITIONS OF LOURDES4. LA SALETTE5. PONTMAINTHE OXFORD MOVEMENT-NEWMAN AND PUSEY'S EIRENICONSCHEEBENGROWING DEVOTIONPAPAL TEACHING IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIESRUSSIAN ORTHODOXYTHE CHURCH OF ENGLANDCONTINENTAL PROTESTANTISMFROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR TO THE 19651. FATIMA2. BEAURAING3. BANNEUXPAPAL TEACHINGPIUS XIIMARIAN ASSOCIATIONSMARIAN CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS CCONCLUSION9. VATICAN II AND BEYOND by Thomas A. Thompson, S.M.THE VIRGIN MARY AND VATICAN COUNCIL IITHE EVE OF THE COUNCILJOHN XXIII CONVOKES THE COUNCIL- PREPARATION AND FIRST SESSIONPAUL VI CONTINUES THE COUNCIL- SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH SESSIONSAFTER THE COUNCILJOHN PAUL IIBENEDICT XVITHE MANY EXPRESSIONS OF MARIAN DEVOTIONDEVOTION AND POPULAR DEVOTIONSPILGRIMAGE AND SHRINESAPPARITIONSMARY AND THE ECUMENICAL DIALOGUES THE EARLY DIALOGUES - THE MARIAN DOGMAS1. ANGLICAN-ROMAN CATHOLIC DIALOGUE (ARCIC)2. THE AMERICAN LUTHERAN - CATHOLIC DIALOGUES3. OTHER DIALOGUES THE LATER DIALOGUES-THE COMMUNION OF SAINTS1. DOMBES GROUP2. COMMUNION SANCTORUM: GERMAN LUTHERAN-CATHOLIC DIALOGUE3. ARCIC II MARY: GRACE AND HOPE IN CHRIST (2005)4. THE VIRGIN MARY IN THE ECUMENICAL FUTURE THEMES AND NOTES FROM CURRENT MARIANLITERATURETHE MARIAN CHARACTER OF THE CHURCH LIBERATION LITERATUREA CHORUS OF MANY VOICESNOTESNOTE ON EDITIONS USEDBIBLIOGRAPHYSUBJECT INDEX NAME INDEX 

HILDA GRAEF

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UNDERSTANDING FOLK RELIGION

CONTENTSPreface SECTION ONE: DEVELOPING AN ANALYTICAL MODEL1 Split-Level Christianity 2 Phenomenology of Religion 3 Analyzing Belief Systems 4 Folk and Formal Religions SECTION TWO: FOLK RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 5 The Meaning of Life and Death 6 Human Well-Being and Misfortune 7 Guidance and the Unknown 8 Right and Wrong SECTION THREE: FOLK RELIGIOUS PRACTICES 9 The World of Sacred Signs 10 Sacred Myths 11 Religious Rituals 12 Religious Leaders and Institutions 13 Religious Movements SECTION FOUR: CHRISTIAN RESPONSES TO FOLK RELIGION14 Theological Responses to Folk Religion 15 Missiological Responses References Index 

PAUL G. HIEBERT, R. DANIEL SHAW, TITE TIÉNOU

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